The Evolution of Whales Essay -- Anthropology Essays Paleontology Pape

The Evolution of Whales The origin of modern day whales, a mystery that has puzzled paleontologists for years, may have just been solved with the discovery of an ankle bone. This discovery might sound simple and unimportant, but the bones of these ancient animals hold many unanswered questions and provide solid proof of origin and behavior. The relationship between whales and other animals has proven to be difficult because whales are warm-blooded, like humans, yet they live in the sea. The fact that they are warm-blooded suggests that they are related to some type of land animal. However, the questions of exactly which animal, and how whales evolved from land to water, have remained unanswered until now. In 2000, Dr. Philip D. Gingerich, a paleontologist from the University of Michigan, and his associates discovered two primitive whale fossils in the Balochistan Province of Pakistan. By dating the limestone located in the Habib Rahi Formation of the Balochistan Province, Gingerich estimated these fossils to be about 47 million years old. According to author David Braun of National Geographic News, â€Å"The researchers have classified one, Rodhocetus balochistanensis, as a new species of an existing genus, and the other, Artiocetus clavis, as a new species and new genus† (Braun, 5). The discovery of these two fossils suggests that the closest living relative of these primitive whales could possibly be the modern day hippopotamus. This suggested relationship is based on similarities in the bone structure between the two animals. Hippopotami belong to a group of animals called artiodactyls. This group of animals, which includes deer, camels, sheep, pigs, and cows, are â€Å"named for the even number of fingers and toes... ...ould estimate where they spent most of their time. By the length of the other skeletal bones, the size and shape of the animals could be determined, which also shared insight to its behavior. The largest primitive whales could indeed walk on land, but only did so for short periods because their legs could not take so much weight for long amounts of time. These behaviors allow scientists and paleontologists to understand even more as to how these fascinating and mysterious animals went from ruling on land to taking over the sea. References Braun, David. Ancient Walking Whales Shed Light on Ancestry of Ocean Giants. National Geographic News, September 19, 2001. Retrieved online March 15, 2004. Gingerich, P.D. et al., 2001. Origin of Whales from Early Artiodactyls: Hands and Feet of Eocent Protocetidae from Pakistan. Science, v. 293, p2239-2242.

Sci 241 Week 1 3 Day Diet Anaylsis

3-Day Diet Analysis Week 1 assignment 10/21/2012 SCI/241 Cassandra Cook I know that my eating habits are not that great. I work at a fast food restaurant full time so mainly my lunches are fast food. Lately, I have not been eating as much of what I usually due since becoming pregnant and I want to provide best for my unborn child. I like a lot of canned foods though such as chicken noodle soup and raviolis. I know there is not much nutrients in canned foods though. When I make dinners for my family I like to provide at least a meat and a vegetable. My favorite vegetables are corn, potatoes, and carrots.I am going to try to start eating more vegetables and healthier foods than the fast food sandwiches and the canned foods I have been consuming. For the Grains food group my target is 7 ounces. These past three days I have consumed 5 ? ounces. I am under the target for this group. For the whole grains I ate ? an ounce when I should be eating about 3 ? ounces. For the refined grains I at e 5 ounces. I ate over the limit for refined grains. For the Vegetable food group my target is 3 cups. I have consumed 1 cup of vegetables which is below the target. This food group is broken down into different groups.The first group is dark greens. My target for dark greens a week is 2 cups. This week I have eaten 0 cups. I have eaten under the target. The second group is red & orange. My target is 6 cups a week. This week I have eaten 1 cup. I am under the target. The third is Beans & peas. My target is 2 cups a week. I have eaten 0 cups of beans & peas. The fourth group is starchy. My target is 6 cups a week. I have eaten 0 cups. The final group is other. I should be eating 5 cups a week of other vegetables. I have eaten ? cup of other vegetables. For the fruits group my target is 2 cups.I have eaten five cups of fruit. I have eaten over the target. The fruit group is broken down into two separate groups. They are whole fruit and fruit juice. For these two separate groups there is no specific target. I ate 5 cups of whole fruit and 0 cups of fruit juice. For the dairy group my target is 3 cups. I ate 0 cups of dairy. It is under my target. The dairy group is broken into two groups. The first is milk & yogurt and the second is cheese. There is no specific target for these groups separately. For the Protein foods group my target is 6 ounces. I have eaten 6 ? ounces.This is right on target. The protein foods group is broken into three separate groups. The first is seafood. My target for seafood is 9 ounces a week. I ate 0 ounces which is under. The other two groups are the meats and the nuts. There is no specific target for these two groups. I ate 6 ? ounces of meats. For the oils group my target is 6 teaspoons. I ate 1 teaspoon of oils. This is under my target. I am going to try to add more nutrients in my diet. I need to add more vegetables to my diet. I need to have more of a variety. According to my chart I need to add different vegetables to my diet.I ea t mainly corn when I make foods. I think I will try to add green beans and peas to my diet. I also like the vegetables I just do not eat them often. I will try to add more of these. I also need to add more protein to my diet. I will eat more than just chicken or beef. I will add some seafood to my diet. My new diet and nutrient intake will affect my current health because it will keep me well and happy. It will help me in the future because it will help keep me from ending up with a serious disease. It could keep me from having a stroke and keep my heart healthy.There are six classes of essential nutrients. They are carbohydrates, protein, fat, vitamins, minerals, and water. These nutrients are essential because your body cannot synthesize them. You must obtain these nutrients from your diet. The best way to make sure you get the nutrients your body needs is to eat a variety of different foods each day (Boyers,  2012). References 1. Boyers, L. (2012). Six types of Nutrients that w e eat. Retrieved from http://www. livestrong. com/article/511091-six-types-of-nutrients-that-we-eat/ 2. https://www. supertracker. usda. gov/FoodGroupCalorieReport. aspx

Autobiographical Statement Essay - 1339 Words

A few years ago I found myself on a train heading from Amsterdam to Hamburg. I had just spent several days traveling through the Netherlands and was going to end my fall break trip in Germany. The cities I picked had been arbitrary. All I knew was that in the three and a half months I was studying abroad I would see as much of the world as possible. This often meant frantically searching the internet for cheap flights, bus tickets, and hostiles, and only getting to spend a day or two in a magnificent city. This also meant traveling alone. As I relaxed in my seat and scribbled postcards to my friends and parents, I was at the most peace I had ever been. It was not without chaos though. I had taken the wrong tram that morning, been unable†¦show more content†¦I had to learn to find and trust my community. That peace and serenity I felt on a bumpy train ride stayed with me as a constant reminder of the peace possible in the world. Having dealt with such a mind-consuming illnes s I am often envious of those that need not be mindful of every moment and event of every day in order to survive. However, I know that my increased awareness also makes my life that much brighter. It allows me to see and feel other people’s pain. It has allowed me to help others through the same difficult times I once faced. My recovery was all about balance and my life continues to be about that same sense of equilibrium. About working hard and playing hard. About spending time alone, running, meditating, dancing, or writing—and by engaging in conversation, debating, embracing, dancing (with others), and attending worship. About taking part in extracurricular activities, academics, and volunteering and still giving myself time to have coffee with a friend or read alone in the park. Growing up Catholic and attending parochial school from kindergarten through my senior year of high school meant that religion was constantly around me. However, in contrast to this academ ic setting, God was absent from my daily life. Although they sent me to a Catholic school and insisted I attend mass every Sunday, my parents never once mentioned God, prayer, or spirituality within the home. TheseShow MoreRelatedThe Accuracy And Validity Of Autobiographical Memory Among Individuals Who Have Experienced Childhood Sexual Abuse ( Csa )1478 Words   |  6 PagesThe accuracy and validity of autobiographical memory among individuals who have experienced childhood sexual abuse (CSA) has been questioned since these experiences are highly emotional and traumatic. Some individuals may believe that recovered memories through the use of therapy or spontaneously may be recalled in an effort to gain money in a court case or seek revenge against an individual. In order to examine whether this statement of a disbelief in the accounts of individual’s experience withRead More Retrospectives1412 Words   |  6 PagesRetrospectives I selected three autobiographical pieces and one analytical for the portfolio. The order is: Multi-Threaded ThingTM, an autobiographical paper which took inspiration from the form of Susan Griffins Our Secrets, and represented my life by pseudocode written in different computer programming languages; Autobiographical Comparison, which was a partially successful attempt to compare and contrast my beliefs with those of James Baldwin; Virginia Woolf: Assertive or IntrospectiveRead MoreThe Autobiography Of Malcolm X Essay1152 Words   |  5 Pageslife which essence was the permanent self-education and revolutionary service to the people. Analysis At first it is necessary to mention that author uses a transformation narrative or a metamorphosis story. It is a classic statement: a story of someone who has collapsed, in a moral meaning, and who is looking for the light. This narrative starts from Malcolm s moral deterioration at his youth. The author tells that he went to a Black ghetto in Boston, where he conks his hairRead MoreAnalysis Of The Novel Young Goodman Brown By Nathaniel Hawthorne1091 Words   |  5 Pagesreality of the text on various external realms. The common idiom of criticism has been that of morally committed psychology of characters and their religious experience.† (Culler 228) This is showing Hawthorne as not removed from his work, but more autobiographical. Hawthorne was born in Salem, Massachusetts and his ancestors were affiliated with the Salem Witch Trials. His puritan ancestors are portrayed in his writings, such as â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† and The Scarlet Letter. Read MoreAssorted1438 Words   |  6 Pagesof as the bricks in the wall of literary structure. * If we miss one detail of the story,it would be incomplete comprehension for the readers. * The most important reason why we study literature is not about â€Å"what† but â€Å"How†.(Literature statement should be beyond peripheral) * Theme * Main idea of literary work is usually a structural decision,comparable to an architectural decisions. * consistency of the chosen theme/ex:†Native†/Filipino * Literary Terms 1. SymbolRead More Comparison John Updikes AP and Timothy OBreins How to Tell a True War Story813 Words   |  4 Pagessoldier in the Vietnam War takes on more of an autobiographical approach to telling his â€Å"true war story.† The opening lines to the story, â€Å"This is true. I had a buddy in Vietnam. His name was Bob Kiley, but everybody called him Rat.,† suggests to the reader immediately that he author is telling this story from his own point of you with the fact that he gives the impression of the story being part of a conversation already taking place. The statement, â€Å"This is true.,† gives the reader an ideaRead More My Place by Sally Morgan, The Road Not Taken by Robert Frost, The Transall Saga and Pay it Forward1436 Words   |  6 Pagescustomarily, has the meaning of a personal movement. Inner journeys have often been described as the metaphor behind a physical journey. The statement ‘Journey is the reward’ and the idea of a personal movement are depicted in the texts, My Place by Sally Morgan, The Road Not Taken by Robert Frost, The Transall Saga and Pay it Forward. ‘My Place’ is the autobiographical story, in which Sally Morgan’s family r efuses to accept their aboriginality. It was the persistent attitudes of the family which promptedRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Obamas Speech1249 Words   |  5 Pagesoriginal â€Å"stain† of the Constitution, as noted by Obama in the first page, however there is no option to undo the past mistakes. The purpose of these opening statements about our country’s tendency to go against the finely-printed rules is not to make a point about how the system has been wrong throughout history, but to make a parallel statement to the likeliness of other great speakers such as Abraham Lincoln and Martin Luther King Jr. Both of these speakers would often open their speeches by explainingRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Once More To The Lake1032 Words   |  5 Pages† para. 1). Readers are more likely to read and engage in â€Å"Once More to the Lake† due to his other well-known successes which create the ethos mode of White’s writing. By writing an autobiographical piece logos is naturally achieved. According to Mr. Rapson’s analysis of the text, â€Å"The personal and autobiographical source of the essay is authenticated by its concrete and specific language† (â€Å"Critical† para. 4). When an author shares personal experiences the audience is better able to relate. ThusRead More Nisei Daughter by Monica Sone Essay847 Words   |  4 Pageswere born; here we wanted to live. We had tasted of its freedom and learned of its brave hopes for democracy. It was too late, much too late for us to turn back. (Sone 124). This statement is key to understanding much of the novel, Nisei Daughter, written by Monica Sone. From one perspective, this novel is an autobiographical account of a Japanese American girl and the ways in which she constructed her own self-identity. On the other hand, the novel depicts the distinct differences and tension that

The Financial Crisis Of 2008 - 1187 Words

The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, the agency created after the financial meltdown of 2008, has taken aim at the cash advance loan industry almost since the agency opened its doors. The CFPB s latest attack is in the form of proposed rules that many people believe would regulate cash advance loans out of existence. The proposed rules would apply to every lender whether they make online cash advances or operate a brick-and-mortar store. Throughout his campaign, Donald Trump repeatedly expressed his antipathy for the CFPB and the law that created the agency, the Dodd-Frank Act. Now that Trump has won the presidential election, many people are wondering whether the cash advance loan industry might benefit under his administration. Will the Trump Administration Help the Beleaguered Cash Advance Loan Industry? Dismantling an independent federal agency is no easy task. Trump would need support in both the Senate and the House of Representatives, and although Republicans control both, Trump would likely need to win support from at least eight Democrats in the Senate to see Dodd-Frank repealed. While he has a powerful ally in Rep. Jeb Hensarling, Hensarling s focus is primarily on the parts of the Dodd-Frank Act that restrict banks trading activities and subject banks to liquidity and capital requirements. Even if Trump cannot help lenders who offer cash advance loans by repealing Dodd-Frank, however, he may be able to assist the industry by focusing on the CFPB. ForShow MoreRelatedThe Financial Crisis Of 20081384 Words   |  6 PagesThe turmoil in the financial markets also known as the financial crisis of 2008 was considered the worst financial crisis since the Great Depression. Many areas of the United States suffered. The housing market plummeted and as a result of that, many evictions occurred, as well as foreclosures and unemployment. Leading up to the financial crash, most of the money that was made by investors was based on people speculating on investments like real estate, stocks, debt buying, and complex investmentRead MoreThe Financial Crisis Of 20081747 Words   |  7 PagesThe economic crisis of 2008 was one for the ages, it changed the world of investing forever. That year, the stock market crashed, bank failures and the infamous wall street bailout that can all be tr aced back to the subprime mortgage crisis.. The 2008 economic crisis rocked the global economy for the worst, and to this day the United States is trying to recover from the impact that the crisis had. In order to understand why exactly the banks failed people have to understand the subprime mortgageRead MoreThe Financial Crisis Of 20081817 Words   |  8 PagesThe financial crisis of 2008 did not arise by chance. The meltdown was precipitated by systematic striping away of the New Deal era policies of bank regulation. Most notable of these deregulatory acts was that of the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act of 1999. This bill repealed the legislation which held commercial banks and investment banks separate. As the beginning of the 21 century approached many bankers clamored for an end to the policy of the â€Å"firewall† between Investment and commercial banks. Gramm-Leach-BlileyRead MoreFinancial Crisis 20085972 Words   |  24 PagesCORPORATE FINANCE THE GLOBAL FINANCIAL CRISIS 2008 Group’s member:Nguyá »â€¦n NhÆ ° Nam (C)Phan Thu AnNguyá »â€¦n Thà ¹y DungHoà  ng Bà ¡ SÆ ¡nNgà ´ Thá »â€¹ à nh Tuyá º ¿tDate: 28/11/2014 | AbstractIn 2008 the world was fell into the worst financial crisis since the Great Depression of 1929-1933. Although this crisis has gone, however, its consequences for the economy of many countries is very serious, even now many nations are still struggling to escape difficulty. Just in a short period, the crisis originating from AmericaRead MoreThe Financial Crisis Of 2008 Essay2044 Words   |  9 PagesThe 2008 financial meltdown resulted in the most treacherous investment landscape observed since the great depression. The most notorious issue was the subprime mortgage crisis, which had a ripple effect felt through every market in the world. The banks, whose leverage rate should never have been higher than two times capitalization, surged as high as thirty to forty times market cap. With this level of exposure, any unforeseen market fluctuations could mean disaster. Lehman Brothers, the oldestRead MoreThe Financial Crisis Of 20081125 Words   |  5 PagesA mortgage meltdown and financial crisis of unbelievable magnitude was brewing and very few people, including politicians, the media, and the poor unsuspecting mortgage borrowers anticipated the ramifications that were about to occur. The financial crisis of 2008 was the worst financial crisis since the Great Depression; ultimately coalescing into the largest bankruptcies in world history--approximately 30 million people lost their jobs, trillions of dollars in wealth diminished, and millions ofRead MoreThe Financial Crisis Of 20081689 Words   |  7 PagesOur society seems to doing well since the financial crisis of 2008. The country is recovering from the Great Recession, unemployment is down and the global domestic product is up. People have jobs and are paying taxes. President Obama lowered our budget deficit and promised to make healthcare more available to all. On average, America is well on its way to recovery. But what about the people that slipped through the cracks of the financial stimulus pl an? These are the people that lost their jobsRead MoreThe Financial Crisis Of 2008 Essay2553 Words   |  11 PagesWhen you think of the 2008 financial crisis that affected not just the US economy, but the world as a whole, most average middle-class Americans won’t really know what triggered this economic disaster. Most will probably blame, and rightfully so, those large corporations on Wall Street. These corporations, which deal with insanely large amounts of money, will always be wary of their stocks decreasing. But they also know that 99% of the time, everything will go back to normal in the future. What theyRead MoreThe Financial Crisis Of 20082083 Words   |  9 PagesEver since the economic virus called â€Å"negative interest rates† scattered over European and later Japanese banks, our economic system has been the most unstable since the financial crisis of 2008. The virus, negative interest rates, is a concept in which the central bank charges interest in bor rowing money and holding an account. It was brought forth in efforts to increase economic growth by giving commercial banks a tax on the large amount of reserves they hold in the bank. In other words, commercialRead MoreFinancial Crisis of 20081794 Words   |  8 PagesThe Financial Crisis of 2008 was the worst financial crisis since the Great Depression, however a lot of American’s want tougher law of be enforced against executives and companies they think started the mess (Jost/Misconduct). Civil charges have been brought up against major banks for misleading investors, but a federal judge rejected a proposed settlement saying it was too lenient (Jost/Misconduct). The flood of subprime mortgages roiling the housing market in the U.S. is also causing the worldwide

Existence Through Our Senses Hegel s Theory Of Life

Existence Through Our Senses Hegel’s argued that the creation of life is based on phenomenology and that the nature of life is based on our senses. He argues that it is more than just phenomena, it s complex phenomena.Without the mind, we would not have existed in the world and without knowledge we would not be able to survive. Our body communicates with our mind and without our mind we would not be able to function , we would not be able to survive without knowledge either because without any knowledge we wouldn’t be able to take care of bodies medically or even naturally. It is natural to gain knowledge on seeking our senses.Our senses give us the power of knowledge and always lead us to create and produce different†¦show more content†¦Overlooking one thing help us conduct another, our thoughts Existence precedes essence . Without the creation of life and our minds, we cannot conduct any information or precede life itself. If we would never perceive anything we would not have the thoug ht of it. Going back to the Heger’s theory of phenology on the other hand, Hume has a different aspect upon the theory of existence.He argues that there is a cause for everything that we do and in which everything has a cause also has an effect. In which if there was a causality for every situation then everything that is being done has already been done. In which is not true besides throughout experience , causality is demonstrated throughout experience. With experience we have the sense of what is going to happen and how to react.That there is always something that has to have a cause for letting it proceed the existence itself. In existence, he argues that the ontological argument is based upon our thoughts and when we think about something that it has to have an existence already. That our thoughts are unoriginal and does not have meaning because it was already a thought. In order to be created we have to exist and with existence, it has to be created finite. He also rev ealed that our mind limits itself because of the reasoning of life , existence is natural and the natural state of mind conducts that the power belongs to you .We truly don’t know how existence is truly created ,Hume displays that existence has aShow MoreRelatedPhilosophy C100 Quiz 121572 Words   |  7 Pagescomprehensive theory of knowledge was developed by    | Aristotle. |    | the Sophists |    | the Cynics |   X | Plato | 17.    In Platos Divided Line, the upper part of the line represents _____________ and the lower part represents ________________.    | sense data; true knowledge | X   | knowledge; opinion |    | opinion; the shadows on the wall of The Cave |    | opinion; the Forms | 18.    According to Platos Theory of Forms, what is truly real is not the objects of our sensory experienceRead MoreKarl Marx s Theories Of History And The Theory Of Human Nature Essay1714 Words   |  7 Pagesdeterministic theory of history and the theory of human nature, if human beings are essentially the product of socioeconomic forces. In addition to one criticism of his theory of human nature. Firstly, this paper will explain Karl Marx’s deterministic theory of history and the theory of human nature. According to Karl Marx’s deterministic theory of history, human society is determined by the material conditions. Marx was heavily influenced by the writings of the idealist philosopher Hegel, but in contrastRead More Transcending Herbert Marcuse on Alienation, Art and the Humanities4411 Words   |  18 PagesAlienation, Art and the Humanities (1) ABSTRACT: This paper discusses how higher education can help us in accomplishing our humanization. It looks at the critical educational theory of Herbert Marcuse, and examines his notion of the dis-alienating power of the aesthetic imagination. In his view, aesthetic education can become the foundation of a re-humanizing critical theory. I question the epistemological underpinnings of Marcuses educational philosophy and suggest an alternative intellectualRead MoreSocial Constructs And Its Effect On Society3459 Words   |  14 Pageswrenching because unique individuals feel the need to belong to a category that is â€Å"pre-made† by the society they live in despite their want and need to be accepted the way they are. One has seen monarch rule over land and gain immense amount of power through violating the rights of those considered â€Å"unimportant†. Social constructs which seem to pursue the same framework, where one party benefits from the failure of another. In the situation where the monarch leads, he is a set person that everyone knowsRead MoreDifferences Between Marx And Feuerbach s Conceptions Of The Relationship Between Philosophy And Religion1718 Words   |  7 Pagesthinkers for their theories. What is important to note before we begin is that both of these thinkers are reacting to the Enlightenment era of Philosophy which is the idea of a rational and scientific approach to religion and the self. Kant defined the enlightenment as a move to autonomy away from heteronomy, meaning that human thought moved from considering God to be central to everything to viewing God as an entity who was important but more on the back burner than central to life. This is evidentRead MoreBranches of Philosophy8343 Words   |  34 Pagesreconciling the diversity and change of the natural universe, with the possibility of obtaining fixed and certain knowledge about it; questions about things which cannot be perceived by the senses, such as numbers, elements, universals, and gods; the analysis of patterns of reasoning and argument; the nature of the good life and the importance of understanding and knowledge in order to pursue it; the explication of the concept of justice, and its relation to various political systems[8]. In this period theRead MoreThe Theology Of Paul Tillich2960 Words   |  12 Pagesthe theology of Paul Tillich. He developed his ideas as a rhetorical response to feeling of separation and existentialism, which shaped by life events. One of his most bewildering statements is recorded â€Å"God does not exist.† To most this seems that he had lost faith in God. One cannot clearly understand Tillich without understanding his ontology. Tillich s theology is also significantly influenced by larger historical events such as the first and second world wars. The Need for the Study PaulRead More Descartes’ Daydream and the Mind-Body Problem Essays3174 Words   |  13 PagesDaydream and the Mind-Body Problem After exhorting us to wake up from our ‘daydreaming’ and revolutionize our modality of thought to that of conceptualization, Descartes seems to forget about this crucial matter of a discontinuous leap. So, too, it seems has the profession generally and this has infected philosophical research and teaching. It is urged here that discontinuous processes are crucial in the universe, in human life, in human thinking. Such ontological events cannot be handled by dualismRead MoreDescriptive Essay : Valuing Identity3121 Words   |  13 PagesValuing Identity I could recollect a nostalgic instance in life about a traveling experience, but upon arriving to the city of Amman in the Middle- East, no experience was evermore instilled into the intellect of my ignorant eighteen- year- old, self. Immediately, I could recognize the solemnity of organization; the formal wear between people, the newly creative technology for consumer purposes and the religious reminders echoing through the highest towers of the Mosques. The experience was unlikeRead MoreDifferences Between Idealism and Realism3232 Words   |  13 PagesPhilosophers say the key to understanding human life is answering the really philosophical questions such as why are we here? Where did we come from? Where will we go? And so on and so forth. This has truly been a debate for the ages in philosophy, one that has stimulated thinkers, philosophers, theologists and scientists for thousands of years, hence led emergence of idealism and realism as two major traditional philosophical schoo ls of thought in the realm of philosophy. So this paper projects

Operation of Commercial Banks in Bangladesh Free Essays

Term Paper On Operation of Commercial Banks in Bangladesh Term Paper On Operations of Commercial Banks in Bangladesh Financial Institutions amp; Markets (FIN 335) Summer 2012 Submitted To Md Lutfur Rahman Assistant Professor Department of Business Administration East West University Submitted by Srabonty MazumderMd. Saddam HossenMd. Mehedi HasanMd. We will write a custom essay sample on Operation of Commercial Banks in Bangladesh or any similar topic only for you Order Now Nazmul Hasan BhuyanSanjana Ahmed| 2009-2-10-0212009-3-10-031 2009-3-10-0762009-3-10-0222008-3-10-101| Section:02 Date of Submission: April 18, 2012 Letter of Transmittal April18, 2012 Md Lutfur Rahman Assistant Professor Department of Business Administration East West University Subject: Submission of Assignment. Dear Sir: We are very pleased to submit this term paper on â€Å"Operations of Bank management in Bangladesh. † as you have authorized us to in this semester. We are honored to prepare this term paper under your guidance since it gave us the opportunity to know the operations of different commercial bank in Bangladesh and also know the product and service offered by that bank. And we explore which bank provides unique product and service for their customers and which way they provide. We analyze its offered product comparative scenario in respective to the other type of commercial bank. We tried our level best to accumulate the information for you as comprehensive as possible. We will be obliged to provide further clarification on this report whenever necessary. Sincerely Yours, Srabonty Mzumder [2009-2-10-021] ________________ Md. Saddam Hossen [2009-3-10-031]________________ Md. Mehedi Hasan [2009-3-10-076]________________ Md. Nazmul Hasan Bhuyan [2009-3-10-022]________________ Sanjana Ahmed [2008-3-10-101]________________ Acknowledgement We would like to express our gratitude and indebtedness to our honorable faculty Md Lutfur Rahman, Assistant Professor, Department of Business Administration, East West University (EWU). With his inexhaustible guidance, valuable advice, continuous inspiration, constructive criticism and generosity she helped us to carry out this report successfully. We would also like to express our gratitude to the website that helped us to gather all the necessary information. Finally, we would like to thank to all group members that directly or indirectly helped us to provide and accumulate all the necessary information for the accomplishment of this assignment. Table of Content Executive Summary 1. Introduction: There are different kind commercial bank that are operating their business in Bangladesh like state owned commercial bank, private owned commercial bank, some multinational bank, Islamic bank etc. ach type of bank offer different kind of product and service for their client. These commercial offer different types of deposits service and also offer different types of credit service. So we analyze the comparative situation in one bank offered product and service with another bank. 2. 1. Origin of the report:  This report originates to fulfill the requirement of studying Financial Institutions amp; Markets, which is the course of BBA Program of East West University. The topic of the report is â€Å"Operation of Commercial Banks in Bangladesh† 2. 2. Objective:  The purpose of the report is to know the comparative situation among the commercial bank and also to elaborate our knowledge about financial market by analyzing its comparative situation. 2. 3. Scope of the report:  There are huge scopes to prepare the term paper to collecting information, analyze the information and also implement the information. 2. 4. Limitations:  To prepare this report we have faced a lot of problems such as unavailability of lab, electricity problem, unavailability of related books unavailability of information in net etc. 2. 5. Methodology: At first we collect the basic information from internet like related bank websites, and then analyzes the information on the basis of available information. So for the purpose of the report completion collect information from secondary sources. Public and Private commercial Banks in Bangladesh Public Banks: The banking system of Bangladesh is dominated by the 4 Nationalized Commercial Banks In which 3 are totally controlled by government and 1 (Rupali Bank) bank is controlled by both government and private sector. Nationalized Commercial Bank of Bangladesh: * Sonali Bank Agrani Bank * Rupali Bank * Janata Bank For Our Comparison we select Agrani Bank and Sonali Bank Private Banks: Private Banks are the highest growth sector due to the dismal performances of government banks (above). They tend to offer better service and products. Now 39 private commercial banks are operating in Bangladesh. Among them we select Dutch Bangla Bank ltd and BRAC Bank ltd for our comparison. C omparison between Public and Private Banks: 1. Personal Banking: As public Bank Agrani Bank and Sonali Bank offer Personal banking products for their current and potential customers. On the other hand private bank also provide different types of personal banking service for their current and potential customer. Deposit and loan services are- Product type| Public Bank| Private Bank| Deposit services| Savings bank account, Fixed deposit receipt, Pension schemeSonali Deposit Scheme (SDS)Education Deposit Scheme (EDS)Medicare Deposit Scheme (MDS)Monthly Earning Scheme (MES)Marriage Savings Scheme (MSS)Rural Deposit Scheme (RDS) andDouble Benefit Scheme (DBS)Credit Schemes| Convertible Taka Account. Current Deposit AccountCurrent Deposit Account BankExporter’s FC DepositForeign Current AccountNon- convertible Taka Account Saving deposit AccountShort Term Deposit AccountShort Team Deposit Bank Account| Loan Sevices| Home loan, Consumer loan, Advance against salaryConsumer Credit Special Small Credit IT Finance Loan for Diagnostic Center Loan scheme for Employment Abroad | Auto Line Care Line Dreams comes true LineEducation LineFestival LineFull Secured Line General LineHome Line: Marriage Line Professional LineTravel line| 2. Business support And Industry Development Products : With a view to building up a fund of Tk. 500 crore for financing industrial projects,  Agrani Bank  introduced  Agrani Bank Shilpa Unnayan Bond  in 1999. There are two types of bonds – 5 and 7 years. The lowest denomination is Tk. 50,000 and highest one is of Tk. 500,000. Interest rate is good enough to attract people. Major credit Schemes for business people are Industrial Credit, Trade Finance, Import Finance and Export Finance. If you are a deserving candidate for any of them, or you need any documentary support from  Agrani Bank, you may visit to any branch of  Agrani Bank. For industrial development of the country  Sonali Bank  provides long term loan against new industries and BMRE program of existing industries. Under different schemes it addresses thrust sector, Garments, Tourism, Hospital, Pharmaceutical, Power Plant and many more. Compare to Public banks with private bank : Also offer different type of loan facilities that’s interest rate is generally floated interest rate. 3. Agri amp; Rural Banking product : Now bottom line farmers may have a bank account depositing Tk. 10 only. Agrani Bank  provides this service to rural areas in Bangladesh. Young generation intending to go abroad for jobs may have loan for their air tickets and other expenses against nominal securities. Other rural economical activities are also supported by  Agrani Bank  credit programs. The areas addressed are Cultivation (flower and others), Fisheries, and Poultry, Purchasing Agriculture and irrigation machinery and ploughing animals. So it can be said that  Agrani Bank that public bank  is working to promote economic growth of Bangladesh from the very grass root level which is 80% of national economy. 5% of our population lives in rural areas of Bangladesh and 75% earn their living from agriculture. So without boost up of agriculture our economy won’t grow. Also Sonali Bank as a public bank  very correctly addresses it through the Rural Credit Scheme. The scheme provides loan under the following criteria: * Crop Loan * Special Investment Program * Farming amp; Off Farming program * Krishi Khamar Rin Karmasuchi * Pond Fisheries Credi t Program * Fertilizer Dealers Credit Program * Sugarcane Production Loan Program * Social Forestation Program All these credit programs are very much suitable for our rural people and society and in the mean time these efforts have started to give result. The results are very encouraging. On the other hand private banks Such as Bank Asia and Dutch Bangla bank as private bank, normally focus on the urban people. They don’t have any specific products on the rural or Agricultural sector. Bank Asia has a product â€Å"KIOSH† for the farmer but it is not so popular or useful for the farmer. 4. Microcredit product: For Bangladesh perspective microcredit is necessary. To think about the poor people of Bangladesh Sonali Bank offer Microcredit. Sonali Bank  being committed for people and society has been participating in the field actively since 2003. About 20 projects under the scheme are in progress. On the other Hand in Private Banks: Such as Bank Asia and Dutch Bangla bank have no specific microcredit product for the lower middle class people of Bangladesh. Their every product is basically for upper class and middle class people. 5. SME Banking product: Small and medium enterprise of the country is one of the deserving sectors for financial support. Agrani Bank  justifiably provides credit to them under different schemes. Agrani Bank  launched a joint venture program named Small Enterprise Development Program (SEDP) with NORAD, a Norwegian agency in 1995. This program was implemented in greater Mymensingh and Faridpur districts. The target fields were rice mill, oil mill, and nursery, repairing shops, fishery, weaving and many more. The bank is presenting micro credit and other supports to land less day labor for alleviation of poverty by generating employment. Agrani Bank  had designed some programs in collaboration with other agencies. One such program is Employment Generation Project for Rural Poor (EGPRP). This program was launched in 1995. All these programs are very much favorable to the micro enterprises and the poor. Terms and conditions are also customer friendly and easy to follow. On the other Hand in Private Banks Private Bank such as Bank Asia and Dutch Bangla Bank has SME banking for the Small and middle enterprise. Bank Asia have 10 SME service branches all over the Bangladesh. They have different 9 SME products that interest rate start from 10-17%. Dutch bangle bank have 3 SME branches. From the branches small and meddle enterprise can borrow from 100000 to 5000000 tk. Floating Interest rate is 17% and collateral 16%. As an entrepreneur must have experience at least 2 (Two) years. 6. Nonresident Bangladeshis customers products : Nonresident Bangladeshis now get banking facility through  Agrani Bank. They may have an account in taka, they may invest in Dollar Bonds. They are also allowed to have an F/C account. To compare with Private Bank Such as Bank Asia and Dutch Bangla Bank gives the account facilities and F/C account for the NRBs . NRBs can also invest in Euro Dollar bonds. . Islamic Banking product: Among the nationalized banks Agrani was the first to introduce Islamic Banking service. Agrani Bank  provides completely interest free Shariah based banking for their clients. Deposit services offer  interest free profit in compliance with Shariah. Agrani Bank, as per its slogan, is always beside the people in their struggle to come up with sustainable econom ic growth for themselves and for the nation. On the Other Hand Private bank Such as Bank Asia have Islamic banking services in 6 braches such as 3 in Dhaka, 1 in Chittagong and 1 in Sylhet. They provide completely interest free Shariah based banking to the clients. Deposit services offer  interest free profit in compliance with Shariah. Now a day most of the private banks start Islamic Banking Service to attract the all types of people. 8. Internet Banking : Agrani bank and Sonali bank don’t have internet banking services. On the Other Hand Private bank All private banks branches under online banking system will be able to do banking practices using a common server (which is centralized) from where only the branches will be able to enter using a common password. Dutch Bangla Bank and Bank Asia give the below internet banking services for their customers. Internet Banking Services * Check account balance * Take print out of account statement for a particular period   * Transfer fund within your own account * Make payment of mobile phone bill * Recharge your mobile phone as well as others from your account *   Enquire foreign exchange rate * Enquire currency exchange rates. * Acquire information on all our products. * Every transaction report will be sent to clients through e-mail account. *   Can change the password, pin code and respective  mobile number (For All Mobile Operator’s). 1. ATM Booth product : Now a day public bank doesn’t offer any ATM facilities for their Clients. On the Other hand With more than 1000 of ATM booths all over the country,  DBBL’s has the largest ATM networks in Bangladesh. DBBL offering free access to its ATM network for its subscriber. This network helped  DBBL  gaining more po pularity and confidence among subscriber and expanding banking opportunity to mass people. This entire network is being maintained by its own IT staff without any 3rd party dependency Brac Bank also has huge ATM booths facilities for their clients. 12. Credit / Debit Cards Product : Public bank offer credit / debit card facilities in a smaller range such as Sonali Bank Limited are one of the member banks of Q-Cash Consortium. Card holder of Sonali Bank Limited can use ATMs of consortium member banks, Dutch-Bangla bank and BRAC bank limited. Member Banks of Q-Cash Consortium. Agrani bank also give their clients debit card facilities but it not so popular. On the Other Hand Private bank such as Brac Bank offer Credit Card such as 1. Platinam card 2. Universal Card 3. Schedule of charge 4. Payment of Credit Card Bill Debit Card: Visa / Master Card Prepaid Card: 1. Hajj Card 2. Travel Card 3. Schedule of Charge Dutch Bangla Bank also offer different types of Debit, Credit, Prepaid Card and different types of offer amp; discounts. On the above comparison we see that public bank work with grass root level and more concentrate Last of all previous time Public commercial banks have fewer facilities than private commercial banks but now a day they try to increase their product and service. Private Banks gives a lot of services to their clients. For existence of the market private banks are increasing their products and services. Islamic Banking: The key difference is that Islamic Banking is based on Shariah foundation. Thus, all dealing, transaction, business approach, product feature, investment focus, responsibility are derived from the Shariah law, which lead to the significant difference in many part of the operations with as of the traditional. The foundation of Islamic bank is based on the Islamic faith and must stay within the limits of Islamic Law or the Shariah in all of its actions and deeds. Here, we take two banks for the comparison between Islamic Bank amp; Traditional bank: * Social Islamic Bank Limited (SIBL) * Shahjalal Islami Bank (SJIBL) Amongst the governing principles of an Islamic bank are: * The absence of interest-based (riba) transactions; * The avoidance of economic activities involving oppression (zulm) * The avoidance of economic activities involving speculation (gharar); * The introduction of an Islamic tax, zakat; * The discouragement of the production of goods and services which contradict the Islamic value (haram) Traditional Banking: On the other hand, traditional banking is essentially based on the debtor-creditor relationship between the depositors and the bank on one hand, and between the borrowers and the bank on the other. Interest is considered to be the price of credit, reflecting the opportunity cost of money. Among of many traditional banks we take two, those are: * National bank. * Brac Bank Comparison Between Islamic Banking And Traditional Banking: 1. Functions And Operating Modes: The functions and operating modes of SJIBL amp; SIBL banks are based on the principles of Islamic  Shariah. On the other hand BRAC Bank amp; National Bank are based on man maid principles 2. Interest Rate: SJIBL amp; SIBL do not used to fixed up the interest rate for their offering asset amp; liability products as like as traditional banks deal with. t promotes risk sharing between provider of capital (investor) and the user of funds (entrepreneur). Besides, The investor is assured of a predetermined rate of interest. They have fixed rate of interest. Example: In BRAC bank, they have â€Å"Prapti Current account† amp; their interest rate is given below: Amount of Balance| Specific Interest Rate| 0 – Be low 5,000| 0%| 5,000 – Below 100,000| 1%| 100,000 – Below 250,000| 2%| 250,000 – Below 500,000| 3%| 500,000 amp; Above| 4%| | 3. Profit Maximization: Both of them SJIBL amp; SIBL aims at maximizing profit but subject to  Shariah  restrictions. Besides they just shares profit amp; loss both. Example: They offer Al Wadiah Current Deposit Accounts. Where have No profit on Al Wadiah Current Deposit Account balances. Al-Wadiah current deposit account holder have no risk. In contrast, National bank ltd. amp; BRAC Bank has the aim of maximizing profit without any restriction. In contrast, SIBL amp; SJIBL share their profit amp; loss with their clients that indicates they don’t fixed up interest rate as aforementioned in traditional banking system. 4. Provided Loan Modes: Islamic law considers a loan to be given or taken, free of charge, to meet any contingency. So, The SJIBL amp; SIBL have no provision to charge any extra money from the defaulters. Only small amount of compensation and these proceeds is given to charity. Rebates are given for early settlement at the Bank’s discretion. Example: Al Wadiah Current Deposit Accounts Payment on Accounts demand Funds in the Al Wadiah Current Deposit shall be payable on demand and the Bank guarantees repayment of such funds in full, less the Bank charges Besides. Lending money and getting it back with compounding interest is the fundamental function for both of them. They can charge additional money (penalty and compounded interest) in case of defaulters. 5. Since SJIBL ;amp; SIBL shares profit and loss, they pay greater attention to developing project appraisal and evaluations. Example: Al Wadiah Current Deposit Accounts. No profit on Al Wadiah Current Deposit Account balances shall be allowed and the Bank at its own discretion uses the funds of Al-Wadiah current deposit accounts without any risk to the account holder. 6. Projects Development: The SJIBL ;amp; SIBL gives greater emphasis on the viability of the projects. In the comparison of BRAC bank ;amp; NBL banks’ income from the advances is fixed, it gives little importance to developing expertise in project appraisal and evaluations. 7. Deposits Accounts: Most importantly SJIBL ;amp; SIBL can only guarantee deposits for deposit account, which is based on the principle of  al-wadiah, thus the depositors are guaranteed repayment of their funds, however if the account is based on the mudarabah concept, client have to share in a loss position. * Al Wadiah Current Deposit Accounts * Mudaraba Savings Deposit Accounts Mudaraba Term Deposit Accounts * Mudaraba Short Notice Deposit Accounts In contrast, BRAC Bank have these types of deposits * Probashi Current Account * Probashi Savings Account * Probashi Fixed Deposit * Probashi DPS * Probashi Abiram In these accounts client don’t have to share in a loss position. 8. Zakat collection: In the modern Islamic banking system, it has become one of the service-oriented functions of the SJIBL ;amp; SIBL to be a Zakat Collection Centre and they also pay out their Zakat. They does not deal with  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Zakat,† as Islamic bank usually does. 9. Islamic Mode of Investment: Participation in partnership business is the fundamental function for both of them. * Participation Of partnership business Example: SIBL provide â€Å"Musharaka† service. It means means partnership business. Every partner has to provide more or less equity funds in this partnership business. Both the Bank and the investment client reserve the right to share in the management of the business. But the Bank may opt to permit the investment client to operate the whole business. In practice, the investment client normally conducts the business. The profit is divided between the bank and the investment client at a predetermined ratio. Loss, if any, is to be borne by the bank and the investment client according to capital ratio. * The status of SJIBL ;amp; SIBL in relation to its clients is that of partners, investors and trader, buyer and seller. Example: Bai-Muazzal. Bai-Muajjal is a contract between Buyer and Seller under which the seller sells certain specific goods ( permissible under Shariah and Law of the country ), to the Buyer at an agreed fixed price payable at a certain fixed future date in lump sum or within a fixed period by fixed installments. The seller may also sell the goods purchased by him as per order and specification of the Buyer. In Bank’s perspective, Bai-Muajjal is treated as a contract between the Bank and the Client under which the bank sells to the Client certain specified goods, purchased as per order and specification of the Client at an agreed price payable within a fixed future date in lump sum or by fixed installments. | IN contrast, BRAC bank has * Probashi Wage Earnes bond * US $ premium amp; Investment Bond Probashi Biniyog Probashi Wage Earners’ Bond| | Probashi Wage Earner Development Bond (WEDB) is a product designed by Bangladesh Central bank for Bangladeshi national living abroad. The objective of this product is to encourage the NRBs to invest their hard earned money to purchase WEDB on which the government guarantees a fixed interest rate. | | US Dollar Premium ;amp; Investment Bond| | US Dollar Premium Bond is a product designed by Bangladesh Central bank for Bangladeshi national living abroad. The objective of this product is to encourage the NRBs to invest their hard earned money to purchase WEDB on which the government guarantees a fixed interest rate. | Probashi Biniyog| | BRAC Bank Limited offers ‘Probashi Biniyog’ a product that exclusively provides Non-Resident Bangladeshis (NRBs) the opportunity to invest in the Bangladeshi Capital Market through a Beneficiary Owner’s (BO) account which will be funded by a Non Resident Investor’s Taka Account (NITA). Both BO account and NITA will be held with BRAC Bank Limited. | 9. Conclusions: In the conclusion we have differentiated different types of products of private and public banks, Islamic and traditional bank and local and multinational bank in Bangladesh. Basically we try representing a clear picture among two banks products base on their deposit products, loan products, ATM, cards, Interest rate , branch , SME product , rural ;amp; agriculture products. To compare their products we have used company website, visited the banks and talked with the employees of the banks. That has enriched the differentiation among different banks. 10. Reference How to cite Operation of Commercial Banks in Bangladesh, Papers

Crime and Punishment vs. Macbeth Essay Example For Students

Crime and Punishment vs. Macbeth Essay It can be argued that if Macbeth was not told the prophecy it would not have come true. Since Lady Macbeth planned the murder of Duncan after receiving knowledge about the prophecies. The prophecies that were foretold bound Macbeth. It is implied that he was bound by fate and had no way of escaping. Along with fate, a common motif is paranoia. Raskolnikov is constantly paranoid, and therefore is extremely agitated when the murders he committed are brought up in a conversation. An example of this is seen when acquaintances of his where discussing the death of the pawn broker. Even when Luhzin compliments the murderer, he dismisses them from his residence. Paranoia is shown in Macbeth by Lady Macbeth, she is sleepwalking while trying to wash away imaginary bloodstains. This scene directly parallels when Raskolnikov turned everything to the last threads and rags and mistrusting himself, went through his search three times, (92, Dostoevsky) the morning after the murder he looks over his rags to look for blood stains. As he finds one he uses a knife to remove the blood stained cloth rather than washing it. This shows his paranoia as it was possible to wash it but instead he chooses to remove the stain entirely. Blood is shown as a symbol of guilt and as shown in Macbeth and Crime and Punishment, it is difficult to wash off. The paranoia of Raskolnikov is further shown as he hides the items he stole after murdering the pawn broker. The theft of the items and dispersing them to the poor was the initial reason of the murder, therefore for him to attempt to hide them shows his fear of becoming caught. Macbeth is also shown to be fearful, as in order to establish a foothold, searches for the witches for additional prophecies. He was fearful of what the future held; therefore he took precautions in order to avoid the possible dire outcomes. Raskolnikov and Macbeth are considered criminals within their respective stories. Both exhibited behaviors that is common within criminals such as excessive paranoia. As a result they both had punishment for their crimes. The main difference between the two characters was how their punishment was carried out. Raskolnikov repented for his crimes and confessed, while Macbeth did not confess which caused his eventually downfall. Both authors present confession and acceptance as a way for renewal, they both also show that guilt and paranoia can drive one mad. Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our International Baccalaureate Languages section.